麻豆原创

 

Choi, S., Bowers, A.J. (in press) Beyond Single Perspectives: Response Surface Analysis of Distributed Leadership Congruence and Teacher Satisfaction. Leadership and Policy in Schools.  

Belliba艧, M. 艦., Ayd谋n, B., Bowers, A.J., Perry, L., & Pietsch, M. (in press). Instructional Leadership Moderating the Impact of (In)Congruency Between Peer and Individual Student SES on Achievement. Leadership and Policy in Schools.  

Dangol, A., Kotiyal, S., Wolfe, R., Bowers, A. J., Vigil, A., Yip, J., Kientz, J. A., Shahid, S., Yeh, T., Cho, V., & Davis, K. (2026). Relief or Displacement? How Teachers are Negotiating Generative AI's Role in Their Professional Practice. Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Article No.:45, p. 1-21.

Bowers, A.J. (2025) Data Science in Education Administration, Policy, and Practice. In AERA Handbook of Education Policy Research, 2nd Edition. Cohen-Vogel, L., Scott, J., Youngs, P. (Eds.). American Educational Research Association; Chapter 29, p.585-612. ()

Bowers, A. J., Choi, Y., Huan, Y., Huang, Y., Jiang, J., Cibrian Lopez, G., Murdoch, A., Pu, K., Sill, M., Williams, J., Wu, Y. S., Xu, G., Saldaña, C., & Halverson, R. (2025). Mapping Public Open Access K–12 State Education Indicator Data Across 7 States and Washington, D.C. Using the FAIR Data Principles. 麻豆原创.
Appendix 1 California metadata catalog:  
Appendix 2 Kentucky metadata catalog:  
Appendix 3 Maryland metadata catalog:  
Appendix 4 North Carolina metadata catalog:  
Appendix 5 Ohio metadata catalog:  
Appendix 6 Oregon metadata catalog:  
Appendix 7 Texas metadata catalog:  
Appendix 8 Washington DC metadata catalog:  
Appendix 9 MDMT Data Dictionary:  
Appendix 10 Interrater Reliability data:  
Appendix 11 Dataset Social Network Analysis R Markdown:  
Appendix 12 Interrater Reliability R Markdown:  

Choi, H., Drago-Severson, E., Bowers, A.J. (2025) What Leadership Distribution Patterns were Associated with Teacher PLCs and Work Satisfaction? Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 53(5), 1172-1192.

Spencer Foundation Task Force on Preparation for Transformative Research (2025). Enhancing the Preparation of Researchers for Transformative Research in Education.
The Spencer Foundation. (Task Force member)

Soncin, M., Bowers, A.J., Agasisti, T. (2025). A Global Perspective on School Leadership: Evidence from a Latent Class Analysis on OECD TALIS Data. Educational Management, Administration and Leadership. 53(6), 1577-1602.

Zhang, W., Bowers, A.J., Shilong, P. (2025) Promoting Teacher Knowledge Sharing in China: The Fostering Roles of Authentic Leadership, Reciprocity Norms, and Organizational Trust. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 53(4), 789-806.  

Ahn, J., Bowers, A.J. (2024) Do Teacher Beliefs Mediate Leadership and Teacher Behaviors?: Testing Teacher Self-Efficacy's Mediation Role Between Leadership for Learning and Teacher Outcomes. Journal of Educational Administration, 62(2), p. 197-222. ()

Ahn, J., Bowers, A. J., & Welton, A. D. (2024). Leadership for learning as an organization-wide practice: evidence on its multilevel structure and implications for educational leadership practice and research. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 27(6), 1300–1351.

Bowers, A.J., Molle, D., Choi, Y., Halverson, H. (2024) Tracking the Indicators of Opportunity. Principal Magazine, NAESP, Vol 103(3) Jan/Feb, p.38-39.

Baker, R.S, Bosch, N., Hutt, S., Zambrano, A.F., Bowers, A.J. (2024) On Fixing the Right Problems in Predictive Analytics: AUC Is Not the Problem. Penn Center for Learning Analytics, University of Pennsylvania. 

Choi, Y., Bowers, A.J. (2024). How teachers perceive the impact of teacher feedback: A latent class analysis. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 32.

Zhang, S., Long, R., & Bowers, A. J. (2024). Supporting Teacher Knowledge Sharing in China: The Effect of Principal Authentic Leadership, Teacher Psychological Empowerment and Interactional Justice. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 52(5), 1252-1270. 

 Bowers, A.J., Choi, Y. (2023) Building School Data Equity, Infrastructure, and Capacity Through FAIR Data Standards: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable. Educational Researcher, 52(7), p. 450-458. 

Bowers, A.J., Monroe, E.C. (2023) Using Hierarchical Linear Growth Modeling to Identify Longitudinally Outperforming School Districts in the United States, 2009-2013. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 22(2), p.438-462. 

Bowers, A.J., Zhao, Y., & Ho, E. (2022). Towards Hierarchical Cluster Analysis Heatmaps as Visual Data Analysis of Entire Student Cohort Longitudinal Trajectories and Outcomes from Grade 9 through College. The High School Journal, 106(1), 5-36. . ()
HCA Heatmap Shiny R web application:  
HCA Heatmap open access Shiny R application code:  
HCA Heatmap open access R code tutorial:  

Duff, M., Bowers, A.J. (2022) Identifying a Typology of New York City Schools Through Teacher Perceptions of Organizational Capacity: A Latent Class Analysis. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 21(4), p.791-815.  

San Pedro, M. O. Z., Baker, R. S., Bowers, A. J., & Heffernan, N. T. (2022). Exploring Selective College Attendance and Middle School Cognitive and Non-cognitive Factors Within Computer-Based Math Learning. In Social and Emotional Learning and Complex Skills Assessment (pp. 217-247). Springer, Cham.

Bowers, A.J., Choi, Y., Shi, H., Sun, F., Sun, H., Williams, J., Weeks, S. (2022) Mapping 16 Equity Indicators to the New York City Schools Public Datasets: Access, Opportunity, and Outcomes. 麻豆原创. New York, NY. . Open access R Markdown code for all figures:  

Nitkin, D., Ready, D., Bowers, A.J. (2022) Utilizing Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Heatmaps to Explore and Visualize Data Generated by a Technology-Based, Personalized Instructional Model. Frontiers in Education, 7:646471. 

Bowers, A.J. (Ed.). (2021) Data Visualization, Dashboards, and Evidence Use in Schools: Data Collaborative Workshop Perspectives of Educators, Researchers, and Data Scientists. 麻豆原创. New York, NY. 

Bowers, A.J. (2021) Early Warning Systems and Indicators of Dropping Out of Upper Secondary School: The Emerging Role of Digital Technologies. OECD Digital Education Outlook 2021: Pushing the Frontiers with Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain and Robots, Chapter 9, p.173-194. OECD Publishing, Paris.  Link to individual chapter:

Bowers, A.J., Krumm, A.E. (2021) Supporting Evidence-Based Improvement Cycles Through a Data-Intensive Partnership. Information and Learning Sciences, 112(9/10) 629-650. . ()

Zhang, S., Bowers, A.J., Mao, Y. (2021) Authentic Leadership and Teachers’ Voice Behavior: The Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment and Moderating Role of Interpersonal Trust. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(5), 768-785. 

Bowers, A.J. (2020) Examining a Congruency-Typology Model of Leadership for Learning using Two-Level Latent Class Analysis with TALIS 2018. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) Publishing: Paris, France. 

Jorion, N., Roberts, J., Bowers, A.J., Tissenbaum, M., Lyons, L., Kuma, V., Berland, M. (2020) Uncovering Patterns in Constructionist Collaborative Learning Activities via Cluster Analysis of Museum Exhibit Log Files. Frontline Learning Research, 8(6), p.77-87.

Snodgrass Rangel, V., Vaval, L., Bowers, A.J. (2020) Investigating Underrepresented and First-Generation College Students’ Science and Math Motivational Beliefs: A Nationally-Representative Study Using Latent Profile Analysis. Science Education, 104(6), p.1041-1070. 

Zhou, X., Bowers, A.J. (2020) A Typology of Parental Involvement in Student Experience: A Latent Class Analysis. The High School Journal, 103(2), p.99-131.  ()

Bowers, A.J., Bang, A., Pan, Y., Graves, K.E. (2019) Education Leadership Data Analytics (ELDA): A White Paper Report on the 2018 ELDA Summit. 麻豆原创: New York, NY. 

Bowers, A.J., Zhou, X. (2019) Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Area Under the Curve (AUC): A Diagnostic Measure for Evaluating the Accuracy of Predictors of Education Outcomes. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 24(1) p. 20-46.   () Online Supplement R Code:  

Bowers, A.J. (2019) Towards Measures of Different and Useful Aspects of Schooling: Why Schools Need Both Teacher Assigned Grades and Standardized Assessments. In Brookhart, S., McMillian, T. (Eds.) Classroom Assessment as Educational Measurement. National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME) Book Series (p.209-223). New York: Routledge. ()

Bowers, A.J. (2019) Report Card Grades and Educational Outcomes. In Guskey, T., Brookhart, S. (Eds.) What We Know 麻豆原创 Grading: What Works, What Doesn't, and What's Next, (p.32-56). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. () 

Agasisti, T., Bowers, A.J., Soncin, M. (2019) School Principals’ Leadership Styles and Students’ Achievement in the Italian Context: Empirical Results from a Three-Step Latent Class Analysis. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 47(6) p. 860-886.  

Davis, B., Bowers, A.J. (2019) Examining the Career Pathways of Educators with Superintendent Certification. Educational Administration Quarterly, 55(1) p. 3-41.  ()

Urick, A., Bowers, A.J. (2019) How Teacher and Principal Perceptions Influence Instructional Leadership Internationally: A Multilevel Factor Analysis of TALIS 2008. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 18(3) p. 249-269

Vaval, L., Bowers, A.J., Snodgrass Rangel, V. (2019) Identifying a Typology of High Schools Based on Their Orientation Toward STEM: A Latent Class Analysis of HSLS:09. Science Education, 103(5) p. 1151-1175  () 

Singh, L., Deshpande, A., Zhou, W., Banerjee, A., Bowers, A.J., Friedler, S., Jagadish, H.V., Karypis, G., Obradovic, Z., Vullikanti, A., Zuo, W. (2019) NSF BIGDATA PI Meeting - Domain-Specific Research Directions and Data Sets. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) SIGMOD Record, 47(3), 32-35.

Bowers, A.J., Ni, X., Esswein, J. (2018) Using Hierarchical Growth Modeling to Promote District Systematic Improvement in Ohio and Texas. In Shaked, H., Schechter, C., Daly, A. (Eds.) Leading Holistically: How Schools, Districts, and States Improve Systemically (p.77-100). New York: Routledge. ()

Bowers, A.J. (2018) Dropouts. In Frey, B. (Ed.), The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation (p.549-550). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.

Graves, K.E., Bowers, A.J. (2018) Toward a Typology of Technology-Using Teachers in the "New Digital Divide": A Latent Class Analysis (LCA) of the NCES Teachers' Use of Educational Technology in U.S. Public Schools, 2009 (FRSS 95). Teachers College Record, 120(8), p.1-42. ()

Boyce, J., Bowers, A.J. (2018) Towards an Evolving Conceptualization of Instructional Leadership as Leadership for Learning: Meta-Narrative Review of 109 Quantitative Studies Across 25 Years. Journal of Educational Administration, 56(2), p.161-182  ( ) - Outstanding Paper Award 2018, Journal of Educational Administration, Emerald Publishing.

Boyce, J., Bowers, A.J. (2018) Different Levels of Leadership for Learning: Investigating Differences Between Teachers Individually and Collectively Using Multilevel Factor Analysis of the 2011-12 Schools and Staffing Survey. International Journal of School Leadership, 21(2), p. 197-225  ( )

Bowers, A.J. (2017) Quantitative Research Methods Training in Education Leadership and Administration Preparation Programs as Disciplined Inquiry for Building School Improvement Capacity. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 12(1), p. 72-96.  ( )

Bowers, A.J., Blitz, M., Modeste, M., Salisbury, J., Halverson, R. (2017) Is There a Typology of Teacher and Leader Responders to CALL, and Do They Cluster in Different Types of Schools? A Two-Level Latent Class Analysis of CALL Survey Data. Teachers College Record, 119(4).   (  )

Agasisti, T., Bowers, A.J. (2017) Data Analytics and Decision-Making in Education: Towards the Educational Data Scientist as a Key Actor in Schools and Higher Education Institutions. In Johnes, G., Johnes, J., Agasisti, T., López-Torres, L. (Eds.) Handbook of Contemporary Education Economics (p.184-210). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. (

Davis, B.W., Gooden, M.A., Bowers, A.J. (2017) Pathways to the Principalship: An Event History Analysis of the Careers of Teachers with Administrator Certification. American Educational Research Journal, 54(2), p.207-240.  ( )

Wang, Y., Bowers, A.J., Fikis, D. (2017) Automated Text Data Mining Analysis of Five Decades of Educational Leadership Research Literature: Probabilistic Topic Modeling of EAQ Articles from 1965 to 2014. Educational Administration Quarterly, 53(2), p. 289-323 . ( )

Brookhart, S.,  Guskey, T., Bowers, A.J.,  McMillan, J. Smith, L. Smith, J., Welsh, M. (2016) One Hundred Years of Grading Research: Meaning and Value in the Most Common Educational Measure. Review of Educational Research, 86(4), p. 803-848 . ( )

Boyce, J., Bowers, A.J. (2016) Principal Turnover: Are there Different Types of Principals Who Move From or Leave Their Schools? A Latent Class Analysis of the 2007-08 Schools and Staffing Survey and the 2008-09 Principal Follow-up Survey. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 15(3), p.237-272. . ( )

Wang, Y., Bowers, A.J. (2016) Mapping the Field of Educational Administration Research: A Journal Citation Network Analysis of the Discipline. Journal of Educational Administration, 54(3), p.242-269.  ( )

Ni, X., Bowers, A.J., Esswein, J. (2016) What Counts in Calculating School and District Level Performance Index Scores: A Summary and Analysis of Academic Performance Index Metrics across the 50 States. 麻豆原创.

Bowers, A.J., Chen, J.(2015) Ask and Ye Shall Receive? Automated Text Mining of Michigan Capital Facility Finance Bond Election Proposals to Identify which Topics are Associated with Bond Passage and Voter Turnout. Journal of Education Finance, 41(2), p.164-196. ( )

Bowers, A.J. (2015). Site Selection in School District Research: A Measure of Effectiveness Using Hierarchical Longitudinal Growth Models of Performance. School Leadership & Management, 35(1) p. 39-61. ( )

Bowers, A.J., Shoho, A.R., Barnett, B.G (2015) The Multiple Futures of the Field of Educational Leadership Research and Practice – An Introduction. In A.J. Bowers, A.R. Shoho, B. G. Barnett (Eds.) Challenges and Opportunities of Educational Leadership Research and Practice: The State of the Field and Its Multiple Futures (p.1-14). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc.

Bowers, A. J., & White, B. R. (2014). Do Principal Preparation and Teacher Qualifications Influence Different Types of School Growth Trajectories in Illinois? A Growth Mixture Model Analysis. Journal of Educational Administration, 52(5), 705-736.   (  )

Bowers, A. J., Shoho, A. R., & Barnett, B. G. (2014). Considering the Use of Data by School Leaders for Decision Making. In A. J. Bowers, A. R. Shoho & B. G. Barnett (Eds.), Using Data in Schools to Inform Leadership and Decision Making (p.1-16). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.

Bowers, A.J. (2014). Bonds in School Financing. In Brewer, D.J., Picus, L.O. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Education Economics and Finance (pp.83-86). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Bowers, A.J. (2014). Student Risk Factors. In Brewer, D.J., Picus, L.O. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Education Economics and Finance (pp. 624-627). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Ingle, W.K., Bowers, A.J., Davis, T. (2014) Which School Districts Qualified for Federal School Facility Funding Under ARRA? Evidence from Ohio. Journal of Education Finance, 40(1), p.17-37.  

Urick, A., Bowers, A.J. (2014) How does Principal Perception of Academic Climate Measure Up? The Impact of Principal Perceptions on Student Academic Climate and Achievement in High School. Journal of School Leadership, 24(2), 386-414. 

Urick, A., Bowers, A.J. (2014) What are the Different Types of Principals Across the U.S.? A Latent Class Analysis of Principal Perception of Leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, 50(1), 96-134. . ( )

Bowers, A.J., Lee, J. (2013) Carried or Defeated? Examining the Factors that Predict School District Bond Elections in Texas, 1998-2009. Educational Administration Quarterly,49(5), 732-767.  () 

Bowers, A.J., Sprott, R., Taff, S.A. (2013) Do we Know Who Will Drop Out? A Review of the Predictors of Dropping out of High School: Precision, Sensitivity and Specificity. The High School Journal, 96(2), 77-100.  () 

Bowers, A.J., Berland, M. (2013) Does Recreational Computer Use Affect High School Achievement? Educational Technology Research & Development, 61(1), 51-69. ()

Barnett, B. G., Shoho, A. R., & Bowers, A. J. (2013). Introduction to Volume 4 of the International Research on School Leadership Book Series. In B. G. Barnett, A. R. Shoho & A. J. Bowers (Eds.), School and District Leadership in an Era of Accountability (p. 1-12). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc.

Bowers, A.J., Sprott, R. (2012) Why Tenth Graders Fail to Finish High School: A Dropout Typology Latent Class Analysis. The Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR), 17(3), 129-148.  () 

Bowers, A.J., Sprott, R. (2012) Examining the Multiple Trajectories Associated with Dropping Out of High School: A Growth Mixture Model Analysis. The Journal of Educational Research, 105(3), 176-195.  (  )

Nunez, A.M., Bowers, A.J. (2011) Exploring What Leads High School Students to Enroll in Hispanic-Serving Institutions: A multilevel analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 48(6), 1286-1313. 

Bowers, A.J., Urick, A. (2011) Does High School Facility Quality Affect Student Achievement? A 2-Level Hierarchical Linear Model. Journal of Education Finance, 37(1), 72-94. () ()

Urick, A., Bowers, A.J. (2011) What Influences Principal Perception of Academic Climate?  A Nationally Representative Study of the Direct Effects of Perception on Climate.Leadership and Policy in Schools, 10(3), 322-348. ()

Bowers, A.J. (2011) What's in a Grade? The Multidimensional Nature of What Teacher Assigned Grades Assess in High School. Educational Research & Evaluation, 17(3), 141-159.  ()

Bowers, A.J. (2010) Toward Addressing the Issues of Site Selection in District Effectiveness Research: A 2-Level Hierarchical Linear Growth Model. Educational Administration Quarterly,46(3), 395-425. . ()

Bowers, A.J. (2010) Analyzing the Longitudinal K-12 Grading Histories of Entire Cohorts of Students: Grades, Data Driven Decision Making, Dropping Out and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation (PARE), 15(7), 1-18.  ()

Bowers, A.J. (2010) Grades and Graduation: A Longitudinal Risk Perspective to Identify Student Dropouts. The Journal of Educational Research, 103(3), 191-207. ()

Bowers, A.J., Murakami-Ramalho, E. (2010) The Research Journal Club: Pedagogy of Research in the Preparation of Students in Educational Leadership. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 5(10), 335-356.  ()

Bowers, A.J., Metzger, S.A., Militello, M. (2010) Knowing What Matters: An Expanded Study of School Bond Elections in Michigan, 1998-2006. Journal of Education Finance, 35(4), 374-396.  ()

Bowers, A.J., Metzger, S.A., Militello, M. (2010) Knowing the Odds: Parameters that Predict Passing or Failing School District Bonds. Educational Policy,24(2), 398-420. 

Militello, M., Gajda, R.H., Bowers, A.J. (2009) The Role of Accountability Policies and Alternative Certification on Principals' Perceptions of Leadership Preparation. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 4(2), 30-66. 

Printy, S., Marks, H.M., Bowers, A.J. (2009) Integrated Leadership: How Principals and Teachers Share Instructional Influence. Journal of School Leadership, 19(5), 504-532. ()

Bowers, A.J. (2009) Reconsidering Grades as Data for Decision Making: More than Just Academic Knowledge. Journal of Educational Administration, 47(5), 609-629.Hu

Militello, M., Metzger S., Bowers, A.J. (2008) The High School "Space Race": Implications of a Market-Choice Policy Environment for a Michigan Metropolitan region. Education and Urban Society, 41(1), 26-54. H

Bowers, A.J. (2008) Promoting Excellence: Good to Great, NYC's District 2, and the Case of a High Performing School District, Leadership and Policy in Schools, 7(2), 154-177. ()

Molecular Biology (prior to 2005)U:

Bowers, A.J., Boylan, J.F. (2004). Nek8, a NIMA Family Kinase Member is Overexpressed in Primary Human Breast Tumors. Gene 328, 134-142. HH

Bowers, A.J., Scully, S., Boylan, J.F. (2003). SKIP3, a Novel Drosophila Tribbles Ortholog, is Overexpressed in Human Tumors and is Regulated by Hypoxia. Oncogene 22(18), 2823-35. H

Boylan, J.F., Sharp, D.M., Leffet, L., Pan, W., Bowers, A. (1999). Analysis of Site-Specific Phosphorylation of the Retinoblastoma Protein during Cell Cycle Progression. Experimental Cell Research 248, 110-114. H

Pekker, Y., Beaudry, R.M., Wilson, I.D., Zhu, Y., Burmeister, D.M., Jianping, K., Poneleit, L., Walker, J., Gran, C.D., Miller, B., Dixon-Holland, D., Bowers, A., Dilley, D.R. (1993). Development of ELISA for 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Oxidase. Proceedings from the Sixth International Controlled Atmosphere Research Conference, NRAES-71Vol. 2, 564-569.

Dilley, D.R., Jianping, K., Poneleit, L., Zhu, Y., Pekker, Y., Wilson, I.D., Burmeister, D.M., Gran, C., Bowers, A. (1993). Purification and Characterization of ACC Oxidase and Its Expression During Ripening in Apple Fruit. Cellular and Molecular Aspects of the Plant Hormone Ethylene: 46-52.

 

Peer Reviewed Edited Books:

Bowers, A.J., Shoho, A.R., Barnett, B.G. (Editors). (2015) Challenges and Opportunities of Educational Leadership Research and Practice: The State of the Field and Its Multiple Futures- International Research on School Leadership Volume 6. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc. ISBN: 9781681232744 ()

Bowers, A.J., Shoho, A.R., Barnett, B.G. (Editors). (2014). Using Data in Schools to Inform Leadership and Decision Making - International Research on School Leadership Volume 5. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc. ISBN: 978-1623967864 ()

Barnett, B.G., Shoho, A.R., Bowers, A.J. (Editors) (2013). School and District Leadership in an Era of Accountability - International Research on School Leadership Volume 4. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc. ISBN: 9781623963828 (  )